Understanding stalking and how to protect yourself
by Teresia Smith
Since January 2026 marks the 22nd National Stalking Awareness Month, an annual call to action to recognize and respond to the crime of stalking, I wanted to spotlight it again this month and offer some suggestions on how to defend yourself if you are being stalked. While it may begin with what seems like unwanted attention, stalking can quickly escalate into behavior that causes fear, emotional distress, and, in some cases, physical harm.
Understanding what stalking is, who stalkers are, and how to defend yourself is a critical step toward safety and awareness.
What is stalking?
Stalking is a pattern of repeated, unwanted behavior directed at a specific person that causes fear or distress. It can take many forms, including persistent phone calls, text messages, emails, or social media messages; following or monitoring someone’s movements; showing up uninvited at a person’s home, workplace, or school; and sending unwanted gifts or letters. In the digital age, stalking has expanded to include online harassment, tracking through apps, and the misuse of personal information. What distinguishes stalking from a single unwanted interaction is repetition and intent. The behavior continues despite clear signals that it is unwelcome.
Who Are Stalkers?
Stalkers can come from any background and may be known to the victim or be a stranger. In many cases, the stalker is someone the victim already knows, such as a former romantic partner, an acquaintance, a coworker, or even a family member. Some stalkers act out of a desire for control, obsession, jealousy, or rejection, while others may be motivated by anger or a perceived grievance.
It is important to note that stalking is not about admiration or affection; it is about power and control.
How can you defend yourself?
Protecting yourself from stalking starts with taking the behavior seriously. Trust your instincts. If someone’s actions make you feel uncomfortable or unsafe, they should not be ignored.
•Document everything.
Keep records of messages, emails, call logs, dates, times, and locations of incidents. This documentation can be crucial if you need to seek legal protection.
•Set clear boundaries.
If it is safe to do so, tell the person once, clearly and firmly, that their contact is unwanted. After that, avoid any communication.
•Strengthen your privacy.
Adjust social media settings, avoid sharing personal information publicly, and be cautious about who has access to your location or daily routine. Inform trusted friends, family members, and coworkers about the situation so they can help watch out for you.
•Seek help when needed.
If the stalking continues or escalates, contact local law enforcement and inquire about restraining orders or other legal protections.
Stalking thrives in silence and misunderstanding. By recognizing the warning signs, supporting victims, and treating stalking as the serious crime it is, communities can play a vital role in prevention.
Awareness, education, and compassion are key to ensuring that no one has to live in fear of being watched, followed, or harassed. If you or someone you know is experiencing stalking, confidential help is available.
Crisis Services of North Alabama offer free and confidential services to victims of sexual assault and intimate partner violence. You may reach our local office at 256.574.5826 for an appointment.
We also offer a 24/7 HELPline, where you can speak with a trained crisis counselor at 256.716.1000. Reach out. You are not alone.
